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We can convert the High voltage AC into Low voltage DC without using the Transformer. This is known as Transformerless power supply. The main component of a Transformerless power supply is Voltage dropping capacitor or X-rated capacitor, which are specially designed for AC mains. This X rated capacitor is connected in series of Phase line of AC, to drop the voltage.

LM386 is a low voltage audio amplifier and frequently used in battery powered music devices like radios, guitars, toys etc. The gain range is 20 to 200, gain is internally set to 20 (without using external component) but can be increased to 200 by using resistor and capacitor between PIN 1 and 8, or just with a capacitor.

If an oscillator of a particular frequency and mark to space ratio is required, the method would be to calculate periodic time from the required frequency and the discharge time and charge time using the formulae for tD and tC described in Oscillators Module 4.3. To do this, some component details will be needed.

The Hex Calculator is used to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division on two hexadecimal numbers.

This battery life calculator allows you to estimate the battery runtime. You can calculate how long the battery will last depending on the battery capacity and the amount of current consumed by the circuit.

This coil inductance calculator is designed to calculate the inductance of the coil, given the Relative permeability, No of turns, coil radius, and solenoid length.

Professional PCB trace width calculator using IPC-2221 standards. Calculate trace width, resistance, voltage drop, & power loss with flexible units. Free tool for engineers & students.

With this Stepper motor calculator, you can quickly calculate the speed of the stepper motor in your circuit.

A resistor is identified by its pattern of color of bands. There are 4, 5 and 6 band resistors. To calculate the resistance of a resistor, you can select the appropriate color bands in the this resistor color code calculator and calculate the resistance value according to the color of bands.