This guide will show you how to turn any CircuitPython powered board with 4+ GPIO pins into an AVR progammer all on its own. No software like avrdude is needed, this software will program the chip all on its own, just drag the HEX file onto the CircuitPython disk drive.

Our project is an infrared (IR) tracking system. A beacon, placed on the object to be tracked, continuously emits infrared signals in all directions. The signals coming from the beacon are detected by 2 IR receivers mounted on 2 stepper motors, which rotate independently and are in separate locations.

In this project we are going to design a 25V range digital voltmeter by using ATMEGA32A microcontroller. In ATMEGA, we are going to use 10bit ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) to build a digital voltmeter. Now the ADC in ATMEGA can not take a input more than +5V, so for getting a higher range we are going to use a voltage divider circuit.

Last time, I posted an ultra-simple “from scratch” RFID reader, which uses no application-specific components: just a Propeller microcontroller and a few passive components. This time, I tried the opposite: building an RFID tag using no application-specific parts.

The circuit works on two conditions - one is presence of light in its location and second is presence of human being, only when these two conditions are met, the controller turns the backup light ON.
These two conditions are tested by two sensors one is LDR and other is Motion sensor module. The LDR senses the presence of light and Motion sensor detects the presence of a human being in its range.